By John Lord, LL. D. FRANCIS BACON. A. D. 1561—1626. THE NEW PHILOSOPHY. (i.) IT is not easy to present the life and labors of "The wisest, brightest, meanest of mankind." So Pope sums up the character of the great Lord Bacon, as he is generally but improperly called; and this ver- dict, in the main, has been confirmed by Lords Macaulay and Campbell, who seem to delight in keeping him in that niche of the temple of fame where the poet has place him,——contemptible as a man, but vener- able as the philosopher, radiant with all the wisdom of his age and of all preceding ages, the miner and sapper of ancient falsehoods, the pioneer of all true knowledge, the author of that inductive and experi- mental philosophy on which is based the glory of our age. Macaulay especially, in that long and brilliant article which appeared in the "Edinburgh Review" in 1837, has represented him as a remarkably worldly man, cold, calculating, selfish; a sycophant and a flat- terer, bent on self-exaltation; greedy, careless, false; climbing to power by base subserviency; betraying friends and courting enemies; with no animosities he does not suppress from policy, and with no affections which he openly manifests when it does not suit his interests: so that we read with shame of his extraor- dinary shamelessness, from the time he first felt the cravings of a vulgar ambition to the consummation of a disgraceful crime; from the base desertion of his greatest benefactor to the public selling of justice as Lord High Chancellor of the realm; resorting to all the arts of a courtier to win the favor of his sovereign and of his minions and favorites; reckless as to honest debts; torturing on the rack an honest parson for a sermon he never preached; and, when obliged to con- fess his corruption, meanly supplicating mercy from the nation he had outraged, and favors from the monarch whose cause he had betrayed. The defects and delin- quencies of this great man are bluntly and harshly put by Macaulay, without any attempt to soften or palliate them: as if he would consign the name and memory, not "to men's charitable speeches, to foreign nations, and to the next ages," but to an infamy as lasting and deep as that of Scroggs and of Jeffreys, or any of those hideous tyrants and monsters that disgraced the reigns of the Stuart kings. And yet while the man is made to appear in such hideous colors, his philosophy is exalted to the highest pinnacle of praise, as the greatest boon which any phi- losopher ever rendered to the world, and the chief cause of all subsequent progress in scientific discovery. And thus in brilliant rhetoric we have a painting of a man whose life was in striking contrast with his teachings, ——a Judas Iscariot, uttering divine philosophy; a Sen- eca, accumulating millions as the tool of Nero; a fallen angel, pointing with rapture to the realms of the eternal light. We have the most startling contradiction in all history,——glory in debasement, and debasement in glory; the most selfish and worldly man in England, the "meanest of mankind," conferring on the race one of the greatest blessings it ever received,——not acciden- tally, not in repentance and shame, but in exalted and persistent labors, amid public cares and physical infir- mities, from youth to advanced old age; living in the highest regions of thought, studious and patient all his days, even when neglected and unrewarded for the transcendent services he rendered, not as a philoso- pher merely, but as a man of affairs and as a responsi- ble officer of the Crown. Has there ever been, before or since, such an anomaly in human history,——so in- famous in action, so glorious in thought; such a con- tradiction between life and teachings,——so that many are found to utter indignant protests against such a representation of humanity, justly feeling that such a portrait, however much it may be admired for its brilliant colors, and however difficult to be proved false, is nevertheless an insult to the human under- standing? The heart of the world will not accept the strange and singular belief that so bad a man could confer so great a boon, especially when he seemed bent on bestowing it during his whole life, amid the most harassing duties. If it accepts the boon, it will strive to do justice to the benefactor, as he himself appealed to future ages; and if it cannot deny the charges which have been arrayed against him,——especially if it cannot exculpate him,——it will soar beyond technical proofs to take into consideration the circumstances of the times, the temptations of a corrupt age, and the splen- did traits which can with equal authority be adduced to set off against the mistakes and faults which pro- ceeded from the inadvertence and weakness rather than a debased moral sense,——even as the defects and weak- nesses of Cicero are lost sight of in the acknowledged virtues of his ordinary life, and the honest and noble services he rendered to his country and mankind. Bacon was a favored man; he belonged to the upper rank of society. His father, Sir Nicholas Bacon, was a great lawyer, and reached the highest dignities, being Lord Keeper of the Great Seal. His mother's sister was the wife of William Cecil, the great Lord Burleigh, the most able and influential of Queen Elizabeth's min- isters. Francis Bacon was the youngest son of the Lord Keeper, and was born in London, Jan. 22, 1561. He had a sickly and feeble constitution, but intellectually was a youthful prodigy; and at nine years of age, by his gravity and knowledge, attracted the admiring attention of the Queen, who called him her young Lord Keeper. At the age of ten we find him steal- ing away from his companions to discover the cause of a singular echo in the brick conduit near his fa- ther's house in the Strand. At twelve he entered the University of Cambridge; at fifteen he quitted it, already disgusted with its pedantries and sophis- stries; at sixteen he rebelled against the authority of Aristotle, and took up his residence at Gray's Inn; the same year, 1576, he was sent to Paris in the suite of Sir Amias Paulet, ambassador to the court of France, and delighted the salons of the capital by his wit and profound inquiries; at nineteen he returned to Eng- land, having won golden opinions from the doctors of the French Sanhedrim, who saw in him a second Dan- iel; and in 1582 he was admitted as a barrister of Gray's Inn, and the following year composed an essay on the Instauration of Philosophy. Thus, at an age when young men now leave the university, he had attacked the existing systems of science and philosophy, proudly taking in all science and knowledge for his realm. About this time his father died, without leaving him, a younger son, a competence. Nor would his great rel- atives give him an office or sinecure by which he might be supported while he sought truth, and he was forced to plod at the law, which he never liked, resisting the blandishments and follies by which he was surrounded; and at intervals, when other young men of his age and rank were seeking pleasure, he was studying Nature, science, history, philosophy, poetry,——everything, even the whole domain of truth,——and with such success that his varied attainments were rather a hindrance to an appreciation of his merits as a lawyer and his pre- ferment in his profession. In 1586 he entered parliament, sitting for Taunton, and also became a bencher at Gray's Inn; so that at twenty-six he was in full practice in the courts of Westminster, also a politician, speaking on almost every question of importance which agitated the House of Commons for twenty years, distinguished for eloquence as well as learning, and for a manly independence which did not entirely please the Queen, from whom all honors came. In 1591, at the age of thirty-one, he formed the acquaintance of Essex, about his own age, who, as the favorite of the Queen, was regarded as the most influential man in the country. The acquaintance ripened into friendship; and to the solicitation of this powerful patron, who urged the Queen to give Bacon a high office, she is said to have replied: "He has indeed great wit and much learning, but in law, my lord, he is not deeply read,"——an opinion perhaps put into her head by his rival Coke, who did indeed know law but scarcely anything else, or by that class of old-fashioned functionaries who could not conceive how a man could master more than one thing. We should however remember that Bacon had not reached the age when great offices were usually conferred in the professions, and that his efforts to be made solicitor- general at the age of thirty-one, and even earlier, would now seem unreasonable and importunate, whatever might be his attainments. Disappointed in not receiv- ing high office, he meditated a retreat to Cambridge; but his friend Essex gave him a villa in Twickenham, which he soon mortgaged, for he was in debt all his life, although in receipt of sums which would have supported him in comfort and dignity were it not for his habits of extravagance,——the greatest flaw in his character, and which was the indirect cause of his dis- grace and fall. He was even arrested for debt when he enjoyed a lucrative practice at the courts. But nothing prevented him from pursuing his literary and scientific studies, amid great distractions,——for he was both a leader at the bar and a leader of the House of Com- mons; and if he did not receive the rewards to which he felt entitled, he was always consulted by Elizabeth in great legal difficulties. It was not until the Queen died, and Bacon was forty-seven years old, that he became solicitor-general (1607), in the fourth year of the reign of James, one year after his marriage with Alice Barnham, an alderman's daughter, "a handsome maiden," and "to his liking." Besides this office, which brought him £1000 a year, he about this time had a windfall as clerk of the Star Chamber, which added £2000 to his income, at that time from all sources about £4500 a year,——a very large sum for those times, and making him a really rich man. Six years afterward he was made attorney-gen- eral, in in the year 1617 he was made Lord Keeper, and the following year he was raised to the highest position in the realm, next to that of Archbishop of Canterbury, as Lord Chancellor, at the age of fifty- seven, and soon after was created Lord Verulam. That is his title, but the world persists in calling him Lord Bacon. In 1620, two years after the execution of Sir Walter Raleigh, which Bacon advised, he was in the zenith of his fortunes and fame, having been lately created Viscount St. Albans, and having published the "Novum Organum," the first instalment of the Instau- ratio Magna," at which he had been working the best part of his life,——some thirty years,——"A New Logic, to judge or invent by induction, and thereby to make philosophy and science both more true and more active." Then began to gather the storms which were to wreck his fortunes. The nation now was clamorous for re- form; and Coke, the enemy of Bacon, who was then the leader of the Reform party in the House of Commons, stimulated the movement. The House began its scru- tiny with the administration of justice; and Bacon could not stand before it, for as the highest judge in England he was accused of taking bribes before ren- dering decisions, and of many cases of corruption so glaring that no defence was undertaken; and the House of Lords had no alternative but to sentence him to the Tower and fine him, to degrade him from his office, and banish him from the precincts of the court,——a fall so great, and the impression of it on the civilized world so tremendous, that the case of a judge accepting bribes has rarely since been known. Bacon was imprisoned but a few days, his ruinous fine of £40,000 was remitted, and he was even soon after received at court; but he never again held office. He was hopelessly disgraced; he was a ruined man; and he bitterly felt the humiliation, and acknowledged the justice of his punishment. He had now no further object in life than to pursue his studies, and live com- fortably in his retirement, and do what he could for future ages. But before we consider his immortal legacy to the world, let us take one more view of the man, in order that we may do him justice, and remove some of the cruel charges against him as "the meanest of man- kind." It must be borne in mind that, from the beginning of his career until his fall, only four or five serious charges have been made against him,——that he was ex- travagant in his mode of life; that he was a sycophant and office-seeker; that he deserted his patron Essex; that he tortured Peacham, a Puritan clergyman, when tried for high-treason; that he himself was guilty of corruption as a judge. In regard to the first charge, it is unfortunately too true; he lived beyond his means, and was in debt most of his life. This defect, as has been said, was the root of much evil; it destroyed his independence, detracted from the dignity of his character, created enemies, and led to a laxity of the moral sense which prepared the way for corruption,——thereby furnishing another illustration of that fatal weakness which degrades any man when he runs races with the rich, and indulges in a luxury and ostentation which he cannot afford. It was the curse of Cicero, of William Pitt, and of Daniel Webster. The first lesson which every public man should learn, especially if honored with important trusts, is to live within his income. However incon- venient and galling, a stringent economy is necessary. But this defect is a very common one, particularly when men are luxurious, or brought into intercourse with the rich, or inclined to be hospitable and generous, or have a great imagination and a sanguine temperament. So that those who are most liable to fall into this folly have many noble qualities to offset it, and it is not a stain which marks the"meanest of mankind." Who would call Webster the meanest of mankind because he had an absurd desire to live like an English country gentleman? In regard to sycophancy,——a disgusting trait, I ad- mit——we should consider the age, when everybody cringed to sovereigns and their favorites. Bacon never made such an abject speech as Omer Talon, the greatest lawyer in France, did to Louis XIII., in the Parliament of Paris. Three hundred years ago everybody bowed down to exalted rank: witness the obsequious language which all authors addressed to patrons in the dedica- tion of their books. How small the chance of any man rising in the world, who did not court favors from those who had favors to bestow! Is that the meanest or the most uncommon thing in this world? If so, how igno- minious are all politicians who flatter the people and solicit their votes? Is it not natural to be obsequious to those who have offices to bestow? This trait is not commendable, but is it the meanest thing we see? In regard to Essex, nobody can approve of the in- gratitude which Bacon showed to his noble patron. But, on the other hand, remember the good advice which Bacon ever gave him, and his constant efforts to keep him out of scrapes. How often did he excuse him to his royal mistress, at the risk of incurring her displeasure? And when Essex was guilty of a thousand times worse crime than ever Bacon committed,——even high-treason, in a time of tumult and insurrection,—— and it became Bacon's task as prosecuting officer of the Crown to bring this great culprit to justice, was he required by a former friendship to sacrifice his duty and his allegiance to his sovereign, to screen a man who had perverted the affection of the noblest woman who ever wore a crown, and came near involving his country in a civil war? Grant that Essex had bestowed favors, and was an accomplished and interesting man,——was Bacon to ignore his official duties? He may have been too harsh in his procedure; but in that age all criminal proceedings were harsh and inexorable,——there was but little mercy shown to culprits, especially to traitors. If Elizabeth could bring herself, out of respect to her wounded honor and slighted kindness and the dignity of the realm and the majesty of the law, to surrender into the hands of justice one whom she so tenderly loved and magnificently rewarded, even when the sacri- fice cost her both peace and life, snapped the last cord which bound her to this world,——may we not forgive Bacon for the part he played. Does this fidelity to an official and professional duty, even if he were harsh, make him "the meanest of mankind"? In regard to Peacham, it is true he was tortured, ac- cording to the practice of that cruel age; but Bacon had no hand in the issuing of the warrant against him for high-treason, although in accordance with custom he, as prosecuting officer of the Crown, examined Peacham under torture before his trial. The parson was con- victed; but the sentence of death was not executed upon him, and he died in jail. And in regard to corruption,——the sin which cast Bacon from his high estate, though fortunately he did not fall like Lucifer, never to rise again,——may not the verdict of the poet and the historian be rather exaggerated? Nobody has ever attempted to acquit Bacon for taking bribes. Nobody has ever excused him. He did commit a crime; but in palliation it might be said that he never decided against justice, and that it was customary for great public functionaries to ac- cept presents. Had he taken them after he had ren- dered judgment instead of before, he might have been acquitted; for out of seven thousand cases which he decided as Lord-Chancellor, not one of them has been reversed: so that he said of himself, "I was the just- est judge that England has had for fifty years; and I suffered the justest sentence that has been inflicted for two hundred years." He did not excuse himself. His ingenuousness of confession astonished everybody, and moved the hearts of his judges. It was his misfortune to be in debt; he had pressing creditors; and in two cases he accepted presents before the decision was made, but was brave enough to decide against those who bribed him,——hinc illæ lacrymæ. A modern corrupt official generally covers his tracks; and many a modern judge has been bribed to decide against justice, and has escaped ignominy, even in a country which claims the greatest purity and the loftiest moral standard. We admit that Bacon was a sinner; but was he a sinner above all others who cast stones at Jerusalem? In reference to these admitted defects and crimes, I only wish to show that even these do not make him "the meanest of mankind." What crimes have sullied many of those benefactors whom all ages will admire and honor, and whom, in spite of their defects, we call good men,——not bad men to be forgiven for their ser- vices, but excellent and righteous on the whole! See Abraham telling lies to the King of Egypt; and Jacob robbing his brother of his birthright; and David mur- dering his bravest soldier to screen himself from adul- tery; and Solomon selling himself to false idols to please the wicked women who ensnared him; and Peter denying his Master; and Marcus Aurelius persecuting the Christians; and Constantine putting to death his own son; and Theodosius slaughtering the citizens of Thessalonica; and Isabella establishing the Inquisition; and Sir Matthew Hale burning witches; and Cromwell stealing a sceptre; and Calvin murdering Servetus; and Queen Elizabeth lying and cheating and swearing in the midst of her patriotic labors for her country and civilization. Even the sun passes through eclipses. Have the spots upon the career of Bacon hidden the brightness of his general beneficence? Is he the mean- est of men because he had great faults? When we speak of mean men, it is those whose general character is contemptible. Now, see Bacon pursuing his honorable career amid rebuffs and enmities and jealousies, toiling in Hercu- lean tasks without complaint, and waiting his time; always accessible, affable, gentle, with no vulgar pride, if he aped vulgar ostentation; calm, beneficent, studious, without envy or bitterness; interesting in his home, courted as a friend, admired as a philosopher, generous to the poor, kind to the servants who cheated him, with an unsubdued love of Nature as well as of books; not negligent of religious duties, a believer in God and immortality; and though broken in spirit, like a bruised reed, yet soaring beyond all his misfortunes to study the highest problems, and bequeathing his knowledge for the benefit of future ages! Can such a man be stig- matized as "the meanest of mankind"? Is it candid and just for a great historian to indorse such a verdict, to gloss over Bacon's virtues, and make like an advocate at the bar, or an ancient sophist, a special plea to mag- nify his defects, and stain his noble name with an in- famy as deep as would be inflicted upon an enemy of the human race? And all for what?——just to make a rhe- torical point, and show the writer's brilliancy and genius in making a telling contrast between the man and the philosopher. A man who habitually dwelt in the high- est regions of thought during his whole life, absorbed in lofty contemplations, all from the love of truth itself and to benefit the world, could not have had a mean or sordid soul. "As a man thinketh, so is he." We admit that he was a man of the world, politic, self-seeking, extrav- agant, careless about his debts and how he raised money to pay them; but we deny that he was a bad judge on the whole, or was unpatriotic, or immoral in his private life, or mean in his ordinary dealings, or more cruel and harsh in his judicial transactions than most of the public functionaries of his rough and venal age. We admit it is difficult to controvert the charges which Macaulay arrays against him, for so accurate and painstaking an historian is not likely to be wrong in his facts; but we believe that they are uncandidly stated, and so ingeniously and sophistically put as to give on the whole a wrong impression of the man,——making him out worse than he was, considering his age and cir- cumstances. Bacon's character, like that of most great men, has two sides; and while we are compelled pain- fully to admit that he had many faults, we shrink from classing him among bad men, as is implied in Pope's characterization of him as "the meanest of mankind." We now take leave of the man, to consider his legacy to the world. And here again we are compelled to take issue with Macaulay, not in regard to the great fact that Bacon's inquiries tended to a new revelation of Nature, and by means of the method called induction, by which he sought to establish fixed principles of science that could not be controverted, but in reference to the ends for which he labored. "The aim of Bacon," says Macaulay, "was utility,——fruit; the multiplication of human enjoyments, . . . the mitigation of human suf- ferings, . . . the prolongation of life by new inventions," ——dotare vitam humanum novis inventis et copiis; "the conquest of Nature,"——dominion over the beasts of the field and the fowls of the air; the application of science to the subject of the outward world; progress in useful arts,——in those arts which enable us to become strong, comfortable, and rich in houses, shops, fabrics, tools, merchandise, new vegetables, fruits, animals: in short, a philosophy which will "not raise us above vulgar wants, but will supply those wants." "And as an acre in Middlesex is worth more than a principality in Utopia, so the smallest practical good is better than any magnificent effort to realize an impossibility;" and "hence the first shoemaker has rendered more substantial service to mankind than all the sages of Greece. All they could do was to fill the world with long beards and long words; whereas Bacon's philosophy has lengthened life, mitigated pain, extinguished disease, built bridges, guided the thunder- bolts, lightened the night with the splendor of day, accelerated motion, annihilated distance, facilitated in- tercourse; enabled men to descend to the depths of the earth, to traverse the land in cars which whirl without horses, and the ocean in ships which sail against the wind." In other words, it was his aim to stimulate mankind, not to seek unattainable truth, but useful truth; that is, the science which produces railroads, canals, cultivated farms, ships, rich returns for labor, silver and gold from the mines,——all that purchase the joys of material life and fit us for dominion over the world in which we live. Hence anything which will curtail our sufferings and add to our pleasures or our powers, should be sought as the highest good. Geome- try is desirable, not as a noble intellectual exercise, but as a handmaid to natural philosophy. Astronomy is not to assist the mind to lofty contemplation, but to enable mariners to verify degrees of latitude and regu- late clocks. A college is not designed to train and dis- cipline the mind, but to utilize science, and become a school of technology. Greek and Latin exercises are comparatively worthless, and even mathematics, unless they can be converted into practical use. Philosophy, as ordinarily understood,——that is, metaphysics,——is most idle of all, since it does not pertain to mundane wants. Hence the old Grecian philosopher labored in vain; and still more profitless were the disquisitions of the scholastics of the Middle Ages, since they were chiefly used to prop up unintelligible creeds. Theol- ogy is not of much account, since it pertains to myste- ries we cannot solve. It is not with heaven or hell, or abstract inquiries, or divine certitudes, that we have to do, but the things of the earth,——things that advance our material and outward condition. To be rich and comfortable is the end of life,——not meditations on abstract and eternal truth, such as elevate the soul or prepare it for a future and endless life. The cer- titudes of faith, of love, of friendship, are of small value when compared with the blessings of outward prosperity. Utilitarianism is the true philosophy, for this confines us to the world where we are born to labor, and enables us to make acquisitions which pro- mote our comfort and ease. The chemist and the manufacturer are our greatest benefactors, for they make for us oils and gases and paints,——things we must have. The philosophy of Bacon is an immense improvement on all previous systems, since it heralds the jubilee of trades, the millennium of merchants, the schools of thrift, the apostles of physical progress, the pioneers of enterprise,——the Franklins and Ste- phensons and Tyndalls and Morses of our glorious era. Its watchword is progress. All hail, then, to the elec- tric telegraph and telephones and Thames tunnels and Crystal Palaces and Niagara bridges and railways over the Rocky Mountains! The day of our deliverance is come; the nations are saved; the Brunels and the Fieldses are our victors and leaders! Crown them with Olympic leaves, as the heroes of our great games of life. And thou, O England! exalted art thou among the na- tions,——not for thy Oxfords and Westminsters; not for thy divines and saints and martyrs and poets; not for thy Hookers and Leightons and Cranmers and Mil- tons and Burkes and Lockes; not for thy Reforma- tion; not for thy struggles for liberty,——but for thy Manchesters and Birminghams, thy Portsmouth ship- yards, thy London docks, thy Liverpool warehouses, thy mines of coal and iron, thy countless mechanisms by which thou bringest the wealth of nations into thy banks, and art enabled to buy the toil of foreigners and to raise thy standards on the farthest battlements of India and China. These conquest and acquisitions are real, are practical; machinery over life, the triumph of physical forces, dominion over waves and winds,—— these are the great victories which consummate the happiness of man; and these are they which flow from the philosophy which Bacon taught. Now Macaulay does not directly say all these things, but these are the spirit and gist of the interpretation which he puts upon Bacon's writings. The philosophy of Bacon leads directly to these blessings; and these constitute its great peculiarity. And it cannot be de- nied that the new era which Bacon heralded was fruitful in these very things,——that his philosophy encouraged this new development of material forces; but it may be questioned whether he had not some- thing else in view than mere utility and physical prog- ress, and whether his method could not equally be applied to metaphysical subjects; whether it did not pertain to the whole domain of truth, and take in the whole realm of human inquiry. I believe that Bacon was interested, not merely in the world of matter, but in the world of mind; that he sought to establish principles from which sound deductions might be made, as well as to establish reliable inductions. Lord Camp- bell thinks that a perfect system of ethics could be made out of his writings, and that his method is equally well adapted to examine and classify the phenomena of the mind. He separated the legitimate paths of human inquiry, giving his attention to poetry and politics and metaphysics, as well as to physics. Bacon does not sneer as Macaulay does at the ancient philosophers; he bears testimony to their genius and their unrivalled dialectical powers, even if he regards their speculations as frequently barren. He does not flippantly ridicule the homoousian and the homoiousian as mere words, but the expression and exponent of profound theological distinctions, as every theologian knows them to be. He does not throw dirt on metaphysical science if prop- erly directed, still less on noble inquiries after God and the mysteries of life. He is subjective as well as objective. He treats of philosophy in its broadest meaning, as it takes in the province of the understand- ing, the memory, and the will, as well as of man in society. He speaks of the principles of government and of the fountains of law; of universal justice, of eternal spiritual truth. So that Playfair judiciously observes (and he was a scientist) "that it was not by sagacious anticipations of science, afterwards to be made in physics, that his writings have had so powerful an influence, as in his knowledge of the limits and resources of the human understanding. It would be difficult to find another writer, prior to Locke, whose works are enriched with so many just observations on mere in- tellectual phenomena. What he says of the laws of memory, of imagination, has never been surpassed in subtlety. No man ever more carefully studied the operation of his own mind and the intellectual charac- ter of others." Nor did Bacon despise metaphysical science, only the frivolous questions that the old scho- lastics associated with it, and the general barrenness of their speculations. He surely would not have dis- dained the subsequent inquiries of Locke, or Berkeley, or Leibnitz, or Kant. True, he sought definite know- ledge,——something firm to stand upon, and which could not be controverted. No philosophy can be sound when the principle from which deductions are made is not itself certain or very highly probable, or when this principle, pushed to its utmost logical sequence, would lead to absurdity, or even to a conflict with human consciousness. To Bacon the old methods were wrong, and it was his primal aim to reform the scientific methods in order to arrive at truth; not truth for utilitarian ends chiefly, but truth for its own sake. He loved truth as Palestrina loved music, or Raphael loved painting, or Socrates loved virtue.
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The collected letters, treatises and works of Nichiren Daishonin with background information in Japanese.Lectures on the "Expedient Means" and "Life Span" Chapters of the Lotus Sutra Vol. 1,2,3 by Daisaku Ikeda
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The commentary on the Hoben (second) chapter, and the Juryo (sixteenth) chapter of the Lotus Sutra, portions recited for the morning and evening practice of gongyo, has been released in a third edition. Includes an outline of the sutra, the meaning of gongyo, and the full translation of the Hoben and Juryo chapters.Letters of Nichiren (Hardcover) Translated by Burton Watson and others; Edited by Phillip Yampolsky..........Price: $39.00 M/O #: 0352
This final work of the late Prof. Yampolsky of Columbia University is an essental and comprehensive collection of more than seventy letters (Gosho) by Nichiren Daishonin. Translated for the general reader, the letters in this volume follow the Daishonin's less formal works that contain discussions of doctrinal matters as they pertain to the background and spiritual needs of the particular recipient.The Life of Nichiren Daishonin (Revised)..........Price: $12.00 M/O #:1089
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Contains lectures given by the SGI president and translated into English on the following three Gosho: "The True Entity of Life", "The Ultimate Law of Life", and "The True Object of Worship". The book is the complete reference material for the Advanced Level examinations.Selected Writings of Nichiren (hardcover) edited with an introduction by Phillip B. Yampolsky..........Price: $39.00 M/O #: 0351
The professor of Japanese at Columbia University with a team of translators including Burton Watson (The Lotus Sutra) have complied in this book the "Five Major Works" of Nichiren Daishonin, as well as letters to his followers. Originally known as the "Gosho" and though the spirit of the writings remains intact, these writings were translated with some changes made to be even more comprehensible.SGI-USA Study Curricula Booklets in English by the SGI-USA Study Department
In this comprehensive and helpful book, the late Richard Causton, general director of SGI-UK, explains the teachings and practice of the Buddhism of Nichiren Daishonin. He sets into its international and historical perspective and gives many examples of how individuals and their families can overcome their problems and begin to reveal their full potential. Recommended reading for the new member and for those interested in an excellent introduction of our daily practice of Buddhism.Fundamentals of Buddhism (Revised) Nichiren Shoshu International Center..........Price: $12.50 M/O #: 1060
This is the third edition of the book which offers a signpost, not just for Buddhism as a whole, but also its ultimate expression - the teachings of Nichiren Daishonin. This volume can assist readers in achieving a fuller, deeper understanding of the Buddhist teachings, and in this way, richer, happier lives.Guidelines of Faith by Satoru Izumi..........Price: $9.50 M/O #: 1083
Contains guidance and encouragement by vice president Izumi on universal topics that believers in any country face in their daily practice. The book seeks to awaken people to what faith should be and enable them to establish true independence on the basis of the Daishonin's Buddhism.Selected Speeches: On the Basics of Buddhism by Daisaku Ikeda.......... Price: $1.00 M/O #: 0252
The next in the "Selected Works" series and contains a collection of three important addresses by SGI President Ikeda. They deal with various aspects of the practice of the Daishonin's Buddhism in today's society. Among the major topics tackled by President Ikeda in the speeches are: the formality of Gongyo; the true meaning of the Gohonzon; the irrelevance and corrupt nature of certain rituals and ceremonies perpetuated by the priesthood, including the so-called eye-opening ceremony, as well as the importance of maintaining courage.Unlocking the Mysteries of Birth and Death by Daisaku Ikeda..........Price: $10.00 M/O #: 1160
This paperback edition is the long awaited re-release of President Ikeda's introduction and exploration of the Buddhist patterns of thought, practice and realization. They offer the means of overcoming the "four sufferings" through the progressive understanding of their place in the cycle of universal existence. This wide-ranging, vigorously written exposition will challenge and absorb the interested lay reader as well as the initiate.Why Is Faith Necessary World Tribune Press
A series of articles written by Hajime Kawai, vice chief of the Soka Gakkai Study Department. The articles explain, in clear and concise terms, the direct application of true Buddhism in daily life--how to develop one's potential, contribute to society, overcome any obstable, strengthen one's self-identity--and other practical means by which we can achieve our own human revolution.Vol. 1 Price: $3.00 M/O #: 0140
Though lightly disguised as historical fiction, the legacy of the Soka Gakkai and its development and the biography of the man behind it, second president Josei Toda, has been translated for the English reader. Priced as follows:Volume 1, Complete $7.00 M/O #: 0195
Originally published in 1973 and now in paperback edition, this biography of one of Japan's most significant yet least recognized educators has been put in print in this year marking the 50th anniversary of Tsunesaburo Makiguchi's passing. Dayle Bethel's account of the founder of the Soka Gakkai is must reading especially in this age when the reassessment and revitalization of our educational system has become a topic of national focus and debate.The New Human Revolution by Daisaku Ikeda
This new series continuing the novelized history of the Soka Gakkai's movement for world peace begins in 1960, as Shin'ichi Yamamoto, now the third Soka Gakkai President, takes his first trip to the Americas. The book contains many encouraging accounts of American Kosen-rufu activities in the early days and the timeless encouragement shared.Volume 1.................... $10.00 M/O #: 0601
The book is an objective report on a demographic survey of the SGI United Kingdom membership that traces the source of the movement's appeal to its socially diverse following. The result conveys the authors support and acknowledgement of the SGI's mandate for world peace through its educational and cultural movement. Limited copies available.
The collection of guidance, lectures, addresses and speeches by SGI President Ikeda from 1968 to 1990. Volume 7 covers the period between 1987 to 1988 and includes the 1991 Peace Proposal, "Dawn of the Century of Humanity."Vol. 5 - $19.50 M/O #: 1138
Filled with pearls of wisdom and direction on relevant concerns for youth of all ages, this compilation of the 16-part series, which was serialized in the World Tribune in '92, has been published by popular demand in paperback form.The Creative Family by Daisaku Ikeda..........Price: $9.50 M/O #: 1109
The dynamic second edition of a collection of President Ikeda's essays, which provide a means to gain new perspectives and universal wisdom with which to consider what a home should be and how to establish one's creative family.A Lasting Peace (hardcover) - Volume 2 by Daisaku Ikeda..........Price: $23.00 M/O #: 1124
The collection of addresses given by the SGI President over the years spanning between 1968 to 1990 and dealing with the social, technological, spiritual, and environmental dilemma we face globally today and the practical and viable means we have to overcome them.A New Humanism University Addresses by Daisaku Ikeda..........Price: $13.95 M/O #: 0361
Over the last two decades, SGI President Daisaku Ikeda has given speeches and lectures at more than 20 universities, research institutes and acadamies outside of Japan. Here is a collection of those addresses. This book will serve as a credo for a genuine peace movement into the 21st century.Peace and Human Security: A Buddhist Perspective for the Twenty-First Century by Daisaku Ikeda;Published by the Boston Research Center for the 21st Century......Price: $2.00 M/O #: 0481
SGI President Ikeda delivered this lecture at the East-West Center in Hawaii, cosponsored by the University of Hawaii's Spark M. Matsunaga Institute for Peace on January 26, 1995. Includes commentaries by Robert Thurman of Columbia University and Tu Weiming of Harvard University.Selected Works - "A Renaissance of Hope and Harmony" by Daisaku Ikeda..........Price: $1.00 M/O #: 0251
This pamphlet contains the peace proposal written in commemoration of the 70th SGI Day on Jan. 26, 1992.SGI President Daisaku Ikeda's Addresses in the United States by Daisaku Ikeda..........Price: $2.00 M/O #: 0259
This book contains all the SGI President's speeches delivered during his last visit to the United States. The monthlong trip covered two visits to Los Angeles, his first visit to Denver, his first visit in 15 years to New York and the opening of the Florida Nature and Culture Center.Songs of Victory by Daisaku Ikeda..........Price: $22.00 M/O #: 1133
A collection of poems by the SGI president composed between January 1987 and March 1988 and dedicated to the victory achieved by his friends around the world at home, at work and in society. The book contains the poem "A Blue Deeper Than the Blue of the Indigo Plant Itself" and photos taken by Mr. Ikeda.Treasures of the Heart by Daisaku Ikeda..........Price: $13.00 M/O #: 1097
This book was originally a collection of essays serialized in a women's publication from March '78 to June '81, centering on the role of women and their impact on society.
Aurelio Peccei is the late Westernewartime resistance fighter, industrialist, and founder of the first think tanks to severely assess humanity's chances for survival. SGI President Ikeda and Mr. Peccei present their views alternately as individual statements and dialogues on the complex web of natural and human-made problems threatening the habitability of the planet Earth.Choose Life - A Dialogue by Arnold Toynbee and Daisaku Ikeda..........Price: $26.00 M/O #: 0132
The record of the challenging and thought - provoking discussion between the late eminent historian and the SGI president ranging from the individual to the global levels of the perennial problems regarding the nature of humankind and our relationship with other creatures, the environment, and the universe.Choose Peace by Johan Galtung and Daisaku Ikeda..........Price: $18.00 M/O #: 1161
Two of the leading figures in international peace studies explore the interface between Buddhism and nonviolent solutions to global conflict.Dialogue on Life - Volumes 1 and 2 by Daisaku Ikeda..........Price: $13.50 each (Volume #1 M/O #: 1053
Far from abstract, their search inspires concrete proposals that are directly relevant to the political agendas of today. Presented as a dialogue between the two men, the book identifies sources of global violence and unrest and demonstrates the role of Buddhism in formulating peaceful solutions.
The collection of discussions between the SGI president; the vice-chief of the Soka Gakkai Study Department, Masahiro Kitagawa; and the chief of the Science Division, Yoichi Kawada. Their dialogue is based on the interplay of life with the advances of scientific knowledge. The first volume centers on the theme of "Buddhist Perspectives on Life and the Universe" and the second on "The Eternity of Life."Humanity at the Crossroads by Karen Singh and Daisaku Ikeda..........Price: $12.00 M/O #: 0133
The two lay religious leaders, Karen Singh, a Hindu, and Daisaku Ikeda, a Buddhist, engage in a dialogue on many levels. Beginning with the thought of the ancient Vedas, and ranging through the rich tapestry of Hindu and Buddhist ideas, the two explore the numerous interactions between two great religions - their shared heritage and their special insights, their contemporary perspectives and future prospects.Human Values in a Changing World by Bryan Wilson and Daisaku Ikeda..........Price: $18.00 M/O #: 0161
Bryan Wilson, foremost sociologist of religion at Oxford University, and President Ikeda give an inspiring example of the way in which people from totally different social, religious and cultural traditions can speak constructively in a sustained endeavor to make sense of problems that must be resolved if their shared hope of a more civilized and humane world is to be brought into being.A Lifelong Quest for Peace (hardcover) by Linus Pauling and Daisaku Ikeda..........Price: $19.95 M/O #: 0305
The long-awaited book of a dialogue covering three years between the two-time Nobel Prize recipient in chemistry and for peace, Dr. Pauling, and SGI President Daisaku Ikeda.Search For A New Humanity (hardcover) by Josef Derbolov and Daisaku Ikeda..........Price: $28.00 M/O #: 0313
This book covers fundamental topics including the role of ethics and religion, education, humanism in the East and West, and a systematically viewed encounter between Buddhism and Christianity. SGI President Ikeda and Dr. Derbolov (1912--1987) began their dialogue with a meeting in 1981 and continued through correspondence until 1987.
This newsletter reports on the current activities and the publications made available by the center. The center was founded in September 1993 by SGI President Ikeda and conducts activities that strive to become the bridge for dialogue among civilizations and the core of a network for global citizens seeking ideas for creating peace in the 21st century.Confronting Chaos: A New Understanding of Ourselves and Our World by Michael Hays..........Price: $1.50 M/O #: 0501
First in the "Philosophy and Practice of the SGI" series published by the SGI-USA Culture Department, this booklet examines the premise that after the global euphoria recently experienced at the fall of the Berlin Wall and the demise of the Cold War, a chaotic backlash has set in around the world. Dr. Hays presents the philosophy and practice of the SGI as providing the means to view the chaotic nature of daily life in terms of the potential for order and the opportunity to experience more fully the interconnectedness that links all humanity.Imagination, Understanding and the Virtue of Liberality by David L. Norton..........Price: $18.95 M/O #: 0370
The final work of his life, Dr. Norton considers the global scale of human problems and how ultimately to "accomodate a plurality of good societies." He proposes the virtue of liberality as the "cultivated disposition to recognize and appreciate truths and values other than one's own." Dr. Norton and his wife, Mary K. Norton, warmly speak of the influence Daisaku Ikeda has had on their lives in this culminating achievement.The Quest for Humanity: Buddhism and Cultural Renewal by Jay M. Heffron..........Price: $1.50 M/O #: 0502
The second booklet in the series by the SGI-USA Culture Department covers the search for knowledge of self within the context of cultural renewal sustained by the harmonizing tendencies of the Buddhist philosophy. Amplifications on the themes of cultural pluralism, unity in diversity and transnationalism are presented.Resources for Stress Resistance: Parallels in Psychology and Buddhism by Kathleen H. Dockett..........Price: $1.50 M/O #: 0503
The third booklet in the series by the SGI-USA Culture Department examines the remarkable parallels between the relatively recent findings of psychology and the 700-year-old doctrines of Nichiren Daishonin's Buddhism as they pertain to resources for coping with the stresses of life.Creating Value in Education: Past, Present, and Future by Hope C. Bliss..........Price: $1.50 M/O#: 0504
In the continuing "Philosophy and Practice of the SGI" series, the fourth booklet offers a perspective dealing with what could be the "value creating," educational advances necessary to meet with the growing challenge of a constant and progressively changing global society and environment.Education for Creative Living (softcover) The Ideas and Proposals of Tsunesaburo Makiguchi Edited by Dayle Bethel..........Price: $17.95 M/O #: 0225
The translation of a position paper and notes, written over a 30-year period was first published in Japanese in the early 1930's. The book outlines Makiguchi's inspiring philosophy and revolutionary methods of education that ran counter to those taught in Japan in his time.A People's Response To Our Global Neighborhood Boston Research Center for the 21st Century..........Price: $10.00 M/O
A response to the report "Our Global Neighborhood" given by the Commission on Global Governance, 25 scholars and activists offered wide-ranging and lively exchanges on the recommendations of the Commission. Chronicles the project and its purpose.My Reflections by SGI-USA General Director Fred M. Zaitsu..........Price: $2.00 M/O #: 0190
The popular series which ran in the World Tribune is now available in paperback. In this volume, Mr. Zaitsu shares his thoughts on "The Sun of Jiyu Over a New Land," the poem SGIPresident Ikeda wrote to his friends in the SGI-USA on his visit to L.A. in Jan. 1993. It includes the complete text of the poem.21st Century Center Seminar Booklets by the Boston Research Center for the 21st Century..........Price: $2.50 each.
The Boston Research Center held a series of luncheon seminars in which noted scholars of diverse cultural and philosophical backgrounds participated. The results are four booklets that contain a stimulating and fascinating collection of dialogues covering a vast range of subjects including: issues of national and cultural identity in a rapidly shrinking world; the search for definition and anchoring of "universal" or widely agreed upon human rights; and questions on the United Nations' role within these frameworks. A must for reading and discussion.Political & Religious Aspects (Feb. 94)..........M/O #: 8802
A conference held at, organized and cosponsored by Columbia University on October 7, 1994, that brought together scholars, theologians, diplomats and activists of a broad range to discuss, debate, ponder and realize the current global ethic to truly become one that is humane.Voices of Protest compiled by the World Tribune Press..........Price: $2.00 M/O #: 0401
First in the series covering the "Crisis Within Nichiren Shoshu," several priests take a stand against the corruption and narrow-mindedness of the current Nichiren Shoshu priesthood. The voices continue in a heartfelt plea for the restoration of the Daishonin's spirit to the head temple.Voices of the New American Renaissance Volume 1 - Volume 6 by SGI-USA Women's Division Renaissance Committee..........Price: $2.00 each
First in a series of pamphlets recounting the SGI-USA members' personal experiences with the Nichiren Shoshu priesthood in the United States and having resolved conflicts that arose from the priesthood's attack on the SGI.Vol. 1 - M/O #: 0201
Akiko and Hiroshi love their new home on a tropical island. They meet Pablo, and explore the secrets of the island. One day Pablo learns that his island was once at war with Akiko and Hiroshi's country and he no longer wants to be friends. It takes a crisis-and a wise skipper-for the children to realize that friendship can overcome war or racial prejudice. Over The Deep Blue Sea carries a gentle message of peace and reverence toward all life, illustrated with gloriously lush paintings of tropical beauty.The Snow Country Prince (hardcover) by Daisaku Ikeda. Illustrated by Brian Wildsmith..........Price: $8.00 M/O #: 0155
This heartfelt and wondrous book relates the story of two children living in a fishing village who care for an injured swan through the harsh winter months. The characters come vividly to life through their impressive posture; the reader can glimpse the lives of those who live with hope bright enough to overcome all difficulties.
The sutra book containing the new version of the silent prayers.English Version:
Protective plastic book cover for every volume of the "Major Writings of Nichiren Daishonin."NSA Bookholder (plastic)..........Price: $1.00 M/O #: 8600
Made of durable plastic, it can neatly hold either copies of From Today Onward (English and/or Japanese) or the Human Revolution booklets (English only).NSA 3-Ring Looseleaf Binder..........Price: $2.00 M/O #: 8603
With the old NSA logo printed in deep blue, this binder can hold up to an inch of writing paper.SGI-USA Notepad..........Price: $1.00 M/O #: 8601
This handy pocket-size, ruled notepad comes with the three SGI colors, the current organizational logo and a fine photo of the World Peace Ikeda Auditorium on its cover.SGI-USA Portfolio..........Price: $3.00 M/O #: 8617 Navy blue color with the SGI-USA logo, this portfolio can hold an 8.5" x 11" ruled notepad of writing paper.
The all-time favorite binder now has the new SGI-USA logo and three colors to keep your past and future issues of the Seikyo Times and Living Buddhism together. Get them while they last!SGI-USA 3-Ring Looseleaf Binder..........Price: $3.50 M/O #: 8616
New 1-inch binder with the SGI-USA logo on the cover.
SGI President Ikeda meets with Nelson Mandela of the African National CongressA Bridge of Friendship Over the Skies of China..........Price: $21.00 M/O #: 8506
SGI President Ikeda's October '92 trip to China includes meetings with Chinese Premier Li Ping, representatives of the China/Japan Friendship Association, at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences and the opening of an exhibit of western art at the Beijing National Art Gallery. There is also rare footage of a 1968 speech by President Ikeda on a "Proposal Concerning China."Brilliance Shed on Humanity..........Price: $15.00 M/O #: 8503
SGI President Ikeda meets with two-time Nobel Prize Laureate Dr. Linus Pauling.The Brilliant Banner of Humanism..........Price: $15.00 M/O #: 8504
SGI President Ikeda's visit to the United States in 1991.Brilliant Departure to the New America..........Price: $23.00 M/O #: 8507
SGI President Ikeda's, January '93 visit to the United States (Los Angeles). Highlights include meetings with Rosa Parks and Dr. Linus Pauling, a visit to the Simon Wiesenthal Center, and the lecture at the Claremont McKenna College.Colors of Joy in Southern Skies..........Price: $27.00 M/O #: 8510
SGI President and Mrs. Ikeda visit the South American countries of Colombia, Argentina, Paraguay and Chile in February, '93. Highlights include meeting with the respective countries' presidents, attending the 11th SGI World Culture Festival in Argentina, and attending the 1st SGI General Meeting of Chile.The Dawn of Asia..........Price: $21.00 M/O #: 8505
SGI President Ikeda visits Hong Kong, Thailand (meets with the King of Thailand), and India (lecture on "Ghandism") in early 1992.Flag of Victory Over the Golden Gate..........Price: $18.00 M/O #: 8511
President and Mrs. Ikeda visit Russia in May '94. Highlights include the lecture entitled "The Magnificent Cosmos of the Human Being" at Moscow University; a meeting with Mikhail Gorbachev; and the first open meeting with members of Russia.For The Peace of Humanity..........Price: $15.00 M/O #: 8509
President Ikeda's meetings and dialogues from January '92 to May '92 with more than 40 dignitaries, including Mikhail and Raisa Gorbachev, former General Obansanjo of Nigeria, former Moscow University rector Logunov, Egypt's Minister of Culture Farouq Hosni, Club of Rome President Hocliettener, and former Czechoslovakian President Vaclav Havel.The Great Third Rainbow Bridge..........Price: $15.00 M/O #: 8501
SGI President Ikeda travels to the former Soviet Union and meets with then President Mikhail Gorbachev in 1990.Into The Future of Humankind - Harmony of Life..........Price: $18.00 M/O #: 8513
Former Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev and his wife, Raisa, visit Japan and meet with President and Mrs. Ikeda in '92. Mr. Gorbachev gives a lecture at Soka University titled "Harmony of Life."Joyful Solidarity..........Price: $15.00 M/O #: 8508
President Ikeda's activities in January '92 with Japanese members including the Kansai General Meeting at the Soka International Hall, the Turkey/Japan Joint Cultural Exchange Meeting, Kotekitai Family Concert and meeting with 19 dignitaries from Africa.Obrigado Sensei..........Price: $23.00 M/O #: 8516
SGI President and Mrs. Ikeda visit Brazil in 1993. Highlights include meeting with Brazilian Academy of Letters President Athayde, visiting the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro and giving the lecture "Dawn of Hope for Humanistic Civilization," visiting the SGI Brazil Nature and Culture Center and the Museum of Art of Sao Paulo.Rainbow Bridge Over the Castle of Culture..........Price: $18.00 M/O #: 8525
President and Mrs. Ikeda visit the United Kingdom and Scotland in June '94. Highlights include a visit to Taplow Court with members and first visit to meet the members in Glasgow, Scotland.Rainbow of Peace and Splendor of Culture..........Price: $23.00 M/O #: 8523
President and Mrs. Ikeda visit Germany and Italy in May '94. Highlights include a visit to the SGID Grand Culture Center to meet with members of Germany; a visit to meet members of Italy at the SGI Italy Culture Center; and 12th SGI World Peace Youth Culture Festival in Milan (Robert Baggio attended).Some Wonderful Americans..........Price: $22.00 M/O #: 8514
SGI President and Mrs. Ikeda visit the United States in the fall of '93. Highlights include seeing the members in Los Angeles, visiting the home of late President John Fitzgerald Kennedy, and the Harvard University lecture entitled "Mahayana Buddhism and 21st Century Civilization."Song of Freedom..........Price: $20.00 M/O #: 8502
SGI President Ikeda visit Germany (meets with Unified Germany President), France (European Training Center in Trets), and Great Britain (meets with Prime Minister John Major; also visits Taplow Court).Songs of Joy in Asia..........Price: $23.00 M/O #: 8596
SGI President and Mrs. Ikeda visit Hong Kong, China and Thailand in early '94. Highlights include attending the SGI Hong Kong 1st Peace Arts Festival, the SGI Hong Kong/Kansai Joint General Meeting, a visit and lecture at Shenzhen University in China, a meeting with King Adulyadej of Thailand, and attending the SGI Thailand 1st General Meeting.Toward the Century of Asia for the Happiness of Friends..........Price: $18.00 M/O #: 8512
SGI President and Mrs. Ikeda visit the Philippines and Hong Kong in May '93. Highlights include a visit to the University of the Philippines President Fidel Ramos, a visit to the Hong Kong Soka Kindergarten and the SGI Asian Commemorative General Meeting at the Hong Kong Culture Center.Welcome to Canada..........Price: $18.00 M/O #: 8515
SGI President and Mrs. Ikeda visit Canada in SeptembeOctober '93. Highlights include the Montreal General Meeting, the opening of the Human Rights Exhibit at the University of Montreal, Vancouver General Meeting, and the opening of the Dialogue with Nature Photo Exhibit at the University of British Columbia.Whew, Ikeda must do nothing but write books, eh? Now, at a dollar, say, per member, per book with over 10,000,000 members worldwide, why, that would keep Ikeda in some cash, now couldn't it? Why, that would be $10,000,000 per book. No wonder Ikeda has his ghostwriter's working so hard.
splendor (usually uncountable, plural splendors) (American spelling) Great light, luster or brilliance. quotations ▼ Magnificent appearance, display or grandeur. quotations ▼ The splendor of the Queen's coronation was without comparison. Late Middle English from Anglo-Norman French splendur or Latin splendor, from splendere ‘shine, be bright’. Another word for splendor. Find more ways to say splendor, along with related words, antonyms and example phrases at Thesaurus.com, the world's most trusted free thesaurus. splendors [plural] the beautiful and impressive features or qualities of something, especially a place the splendors of Rome (= its fine buildings, etc.) Definition of splendour noun in Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary. Meaning, pronunciation, picture, example sentences, grammar, usage notes, synonyms and more. We use cookies to enhance your experience on our website, including to provide targeted advertising and track usage. Splendour definition at Dictionary.com, a free online dictionary with pronunciation, synonyms and translation. Look it up now! Splendid definition, gorgeous; magnificent; sumptuous. See more. Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 2012 Digital Edition © William Collins Sons & Co splendid definition: 1. excellent, or beautiful and impressive: 2. excellent, or beautiful and impressive: 3…. Learn more. Define splendour. splendour synonyms, splendour pronunciation, splendour translation, English dictionary definition of splendour. n. Chiefly British Variant of splendor. Splendid definition: If you say that something is splendid , you mean that it is very good. | Meaning, pronunciation, translations and examples
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